Assignment Task
INTRODUCTION
Human blood is a vital body fluid which carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells and collects metabolic waste from them. In the human body, the amount of blood is generally equivalent to 7% of the body weight. Blood is composed of two main components plasma and blood cells.
Plasma is the liquid part of the blood which is made up of water, salts, and proteins. The solid part of the blood contains three different types of blood cells, which are red blood cells, White blood cells and Platelets. These blood cells have specific shapes and functions. Red blood cells carry the oxygen around the body; White blood cells provide immunity to the body and Platelets help with blood clotting. Blood cells are an integral part of the human body. Having too many or too few can indicate a blood disorder.
Blood tests are essential diagnostic tools used by medical professionals to keep people stay in their best health. The peripheral smear test or the blood smear test is an important diagnostic procedure to check the detailed information about the number and the morphology of the blood cells. A blood smear is a drop of blood thinly spread on a glass side, stained by a specific stain to enable to differentiate blood cells under the microscope. The blood smear test is used to diagnose and monitor various blood-related conditions and diseases that affect the human population. Any deviation from the typical structures and shapes can indicate different blood-related diseases or disorders.
TASK DESCRIPTION
Your task is to reach a diagnosis for a blood disease/disorder for two patients by observing photographs made from their prepared blood smear slide
Standard (Normal) blood slide
You will be presented with a standard blood smear image.
You will record observations and draw diagrams of blood cells.
Step 1 will help you to identify the structures and shapes of different blood cells.
After studying the standard blood histology (step 1), you are required to choose any two sets of blood smear images out of the five sets of images provided which display blood diseases/disorders. Each set of images is from one patient.
Examine the chosen images as you would under a microscope to record clear and thorough observations. These will be included as your results for a written practical report and will inform to a final diagnosis of the related disorder. Make scientific diagrams from the images as if you were looking at the blood smears through a microscope.
Draw clear diagrams of the affected blood cell/cells present in the blood smear for each of the two sets of images chosen.
Make a working diagnosis, using the list of blood diseases/disorders given below. You might need to conduct further research to make your final decision of the blood disease/disorder presented in the blood smear for both sets of images.
Hepatitis B
Ovarian
Cancer
Lymphoma
Haemolytic anemia
Ascariasis
Thalassemia
Autoimmune diseases
Leukemia
Sickle cell anemia
Mononucleosis
HIV/AIDS
Crohn’s disease
Write a practical investigation report individually following the ‘Guidelines for writing a scientific-practical report’ on the following page. You will be required to submit through Turnitin.
GUIDELINES FOR WRITING YOUR REPORT (Word Limit: 1200-1500 words)
INVESTIGATION Title
Introduction (incorporating aim, hypothesis and background theory)
This section introduces the topic and – where appropriate – relates the project to a real life question or issue. It should include any background information that a reader would need to know in order to understand the investigation and why it is important.
The aim of the investigation is clearly stated in the introduction and a hypothesis is suggested. If you wish, you may include the aim and hypothesis as a separate section, but this is not necessary.
Remember: the aim is the purpose of the investigation. (e.g. “The aim of this investigation is to determine the link between temperature and the rate of reaction.”)
The hypothesis, in contrast, is a prediction that relates directly to the aim, and should include an explanation of why you are suggesting this particular hypothesis. A hypothesis must be testable through experimentation or investigation.
Materials
A list of materials and equipment that you used to carry out this investigation.
Method
This should be a description of what you actually did. The method may be written in steps or may be in paragraph form, and diagrams can be used. It should be written precisely and concisely, so that another scientist can repeat your investigation exactly. Investigations need to be reproducible so that others can check on the accuracy of your results.
The method should be written in past, passive tense and should be clear without including excessive detail. You can assume that the reader has a good basic knowledge of lab procedures (e.g. that safety gear is required, how to use a balance, how to make up a standard solution in a volumetric flask; how to perform a titration etc.).
Results
The results should be a clear record of what happened in your investigation. Results include observations and measurements. Results need to be organised in the clearest way possible, which usually involves scientific diagrams, tables and graphs.
For each set of images chosen, include general observations. Also include a magnification or an approximation if possible and correctly label any diagrams of any abnormal/diseased cell/cells.
Make sure your results are complete but look for ways to organise them such that the evidence you need to support your discussion and conclusion is clear. Any other results that are related but not crucial to your argument can be included in appendices.
Do not include interpretations or explanations of the results in this section.
Discussion
The purpose of the discussion section in a report is to show your reader what you have discovered and provide the best and most honest explanation of your results that you can. A good discussion will have four main parts.
describe the results you obtained, explicitly referring to trends you have observed and pointing out anything surprising/interesting.
explain your results using the background theory.
Use the diagnostic method to frame your discussion. Make links between the change in the number/shape/structure of blood cells and presented signs and symptoms.
evaluate your experiment. Were your results precise? Accurate? What were the sources of error? Is there anything you could do to improve the method so that it gave better results?
looking to the future: if you could take this experiment further, what experiments would you do next that would contribute to our understanding of the system you were studying?
Notes on sources of error: think carefully and be specific when you are identifying sources of error. Do not include sources of error that would have an insignificant effect on your results. For errors that you think may have affected the accuracy or precision of your results, state how the errors would affect your results (e.g. would they make the values bigger etc.?)
Note that citing ‘human error’ is not satisfactory: this either means that you made a mistake (e.g. a spillage, in which case you should repeat the measurement, eliminating this as a problem), or that you don’t know what your sources of error are.
Conclusion
A conclusion should be a brief summary of the investigation. What conclusions did you draw from this experiment? Was the hypothesis supported, rejected or does it need to be modified?
Referencing
Use the Harvard style.
Set A
Magnification before image was projected on the Whiteboard
40 times 100 times 200 times
Set B
Magnification before image was projected on the Whiteboard
40 times 100 times 200 times
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