Assignment Task
Task
Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cancer: Coursework Guidance
The treatise on cancer will involve reviewing, assessing and making recommendations on the integration of comprehensive diagnostics and principles of tumour development towards the personalisation of cancer treatment. You will be assigned, or will choose, an individual topic to investigate the molecular basis of a tumour type or determine the relative merits and biological basis of a diagnostic or screening method or focus on a therapeutic intervention. For this treatise, you should cover key concepts highlighted in the lecture material, and these points will be ‘flagged’ throughout the module to ensure you engagement with the lecture material. In this treatise, you will be expected to consult recent primary research literature in addition to identifying older seminal research articles. You will also be expected to consult documents from professional regulatory organisations such as NICE and FDA where appropriate.
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Get Help Now!The treatise should be on a chosen (agreed) tumour type. The main aim is that you understand for carcinogenic process, partly related to the tumour-initiating even (e.g. carcinogen, virus, Radiation etc) but PRIMARILY related to the step-wise series of events that disrupt normal cellular behaviour. For example, the end goal should be the generation of a “Multi-hit hypothesis” for your chosen tumour type, highlighting what defects cause initiation, progression from a pre-cancer to cancer, and progression to metastasis. For some tumours this is still not fully known. For other tumours, this is well characterised. You will need to effectively tell the genetic story of transformation to end-stage aggressive cancer, and where relevant, highlight changes that are more ‘indolent’ or non-aggressive in nature. If the tumour has a particular translocation, or mutation that is thought to be initiating, then discuss in detail. If the cancer stem cell hypothesis seems important to your cancer, then discuss it. Highlight tumour suppressor genes, oncogenes, and oncoproteins where relevant.
If your particular tumour type has a very specific therapy that is targeted to a feature of that tumour, then discuss it (examples of this would be Proteasome inhibitors and Myeloma, B-Raf inhibitors and B-Raf-Mutant melanoma, PARP inhibitors and BRCA1/2-associated Breast cancer). If no successful treatment exists beyond surgery, then clearly state this. If your particular tumour type has a clear genetic association with aggressive/non-aggressive disease, then include this in this section.
If your particular tumour type has been well discussed in the lectures, then you must go well beyond the lecture material. Examples where this important is Retinoblastoma, p53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome) and some GI tract cancers (Wnt, microsatellite instability)
You will be assessed on the following points:
Introduction and structure
Very general intro to the disease including prognosis, survival, likely disease course, maybe a short section on grade/stage.
Multistep model of tumourigenesis
Based on current literature, what is the underlying genetic basis to the tumour type? Links to how the changes relate to each of the Hallmarks of Cancer. Note: the most relevant genes should be discussed
Targeted therapy and/or exploiting unique features of the tumour for therapy and/or prognosis Good standard of intelligent, critical thought and argument. Clear evidence of informed, independent thinking.
Referencing and information resources
Primary research literature where possible. Highly relevant references with thorough Bibliography complete and properly formatted according to APA guidelines.
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