Assignment Task
1. Discuss key impairments that are characteristic in the altered glucose metabolism of people with type 2 diabetes. (note: you should describe effects in different key
organs/tissues involved in glucose metabolism within your answer)
The underlying key impairment that affects changes of people with type 2 diabetes due to altered glucose metabolism in their organs were due to hormones changes in the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue. Skeletal muscles accounts for 75% of the whole-body uptake in insulin stimulated glucose uptake and is the glucose transporter for the skeletal muscle. People with type 2 diabetes are shown to have dysregulation of insulin receptor in their body, due to insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles such as it reduces the stimulated glucose uptake into body. This causes build up of lipid inside the muscle which leads to reduce in fat oxidative capacity (1,2). Glucose transporter is down regulated in the adipose tissue in patient with type 2 diabetes, the adipose tissues play a part in the skeletal muscle in breaking down glucose disposal (1). The liver and pancreas play a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, the pancreas produce pancreas beta cells and is released in response to increased blood glucose concentrations it also maintain the blood glucose, due to the increase of FFA in the liver it is to amplified the insulin sensitivity in the liver (1,2).
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Get Help Now!2. As a result of these impairments, describe the expected differences in post-prandial metabolism of a given load of digestible carbohydrates in people with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy, non-diabetic individuals.
3. Discuss how a very low carbohydrate diet might alter glucose-related metabolic pathways in the body compared with a diet much higher in carbohydrate content. In
your answer you should describe endocrine effects, glycaemic effects, and alterations in pathways of energy metabolism.
4. Briefly critique the evidence available that has investigated the efficacy of very low carbohydrate diets in improving glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes.
5. Briefly summarize your key findings. Based on your metabolic knowledge about type 2 diabetes, effects of very low carbohydrate diets, and the strength of the current
evidence available, provide some recommendations and/or perspectives in relation to use of very low carbohydrate for the management of type 2 diabetes.
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